CREMLINplus WP5

An international collaboration around the SCT detector is going to be formed and formally established based on first initiatives during CREMLIN; critical decisions on the SCT detector design, particle detection technologies, electronics and data processing are going to be made by the collaboration. Researchers and institutions involved in the R&D activities for the SCT detector at an early stage are supposed to compose a basis for the collaboration.

Annual international workshops of for SCT are held including an enhanced kick-off meeting of the formally established collaboration around the SCT detector including instututions outside of CREMLINplus. These workshops are needed to make the progress of the SCT project visible, to attract new partners, and to discuss new ideas on the physics case of experiment. Outreach activities on SCT are planned and multimedia material on the SCT particle injector, collider, detector and physics case will be created.

This task is devoted to interactions between Russian and the European collider expert communities. The international context and expertise of the CERN community is a perfect basis for a joint design and development of the machine-detector interface (MDI) and final focus area of SCT. This activity exploits synergies between the SCT project and the future electron-positron colliders CLIC and FCC-ee under development at CERN.

The second direction of cooperation is joint development of accelerator equipment by LAL Orsay and BINP groups:

• Development of the electron RF photo-gun with low emittance and high flux electron beam.
• Production of key elements.
• Development of the polarized electron source. Production of key elements and systems.
• Development of magnet technologies, production and measurement of accelerator magnets.

The design of a detector for SCT requires the simulation, reconstruction and analysis of physics in multiple sub-detector options. For this purpose, a flexible software is a key tool for making motivated decisions about the detector design and for choosing among different subsystem options. The software will be based on Gaudi (overall framework), Geant4 (interactions and energy deposits of particles in the detector layers) and ROOT (data analysis and statistical interpretation) and on the DD4hep (flexible detector geometry description toolkit developed in the AIDA and AIDA2020 EU projects). Establishing the use of a distributed computing framework based on DIRAC will also allow the seamless transnational access to computing resources.

The aim of this task is to foster efforts of international community on R&D around inner tracker of the SCT detector. Two prototypes for inner tracker (IT) – compact TPC with MPGD readout and cylindrical \(\mu\)-RWELL (C-RWELL) chamber – are going to be developed and tested in close collaboration of BINP, INFN LNF, and INFN Ferrara groups.

The C-RWELL is a very low material budget (1% X0) full cylindrical IT based on the innovative \(\mu\)-RWELL technology, proposed by the Ferrara and LNF INFN groups. Both teams have long been involved in the R&D, design and manufacture of MPGDs for high energy physics experiments. In particular they have been involved in the development of both planar GEM (LHCb) as well as Cylindrical-GEM detectors for the Inner Tracker of the KLOE experiment (LNF), and BESIII (Ferrara).

The C-RWELL will exploits several innovative concepts (“openable detector”, “floating-amplification”, “reversed conical hole-shape”) that make the C-RWELL a high reliable and performing IT, while the spark suppression mechanism, intrinsic to the \(\mu\)-RWELL technology, make the operation of this detector in harsh environment more safe with respect to other MPGD based devices. In addition, the C-RWELL, able to stand particle fluxes above 1 MHz/cm\({}^2\), operated in micro-TPC mode exhibits an excellent spatial resolution (down to 40-60 \(\mu\)m over a wide track incidence angular range, 0-45\({}^{\circ}\)). The development of some components of the C-RWELL, such as the resistive amplification stage and the readout plane, will be performed in collaboration with several Companies specialized in the photolithography of flexible (polyimide) and rigid Printed Circuit Board technology as well as the magnetron sputtering of Diamond Like Carbon (DLC).

The C-RWELL project foresee the following main steps:

• Design of the mechanics, readout electrodes and amplifications stage of the detector
• Design of the construction toolings (cylindrical molds) and modification of the assembly/insertion tool
• Construction of the prototype
• Integration with front-end electronics
• Characterization of the fully equipped prototype with cosmic ray and beam test

The aim of this task is to foster efforts of international community on R&D around central tracker of the SCT detector. A prototype for drift chamber (DC) is going to be developed and tested by groups from INFN Lecce, INFN Bari and BINP.

TraPId (Tracking and Particle Identification), the Central Tracker proposed by the Bari and Lecce INFN groups for the detector at the SCTF is an ultra-light drift chamber equipped with cluster counting/timing readout techniques. Main peculiarities of this design are the high transparency in terms of multiple scattering contribution to the momentum measurement of charged particles and the very precise particle identification capabilities.

TraPId is a down sized drift chamber from the larger one designed for the IDEA detector at both FCC-ee and CEPC, the proposed future circular \(e^+e^-\) colliders. It is inspired by the original design of the KLOE drift Chamber, successfully operated at the Daphne facility of the Frascati INFN Laboratories during the last 20 years and culminated with the construction of the MEG2 drift chamber, which is currently under commissioning at the PSI laboratories in Zurich.

The TraPId R&D program spans over three different topics:

• Mechanical design of the drift chamber end plates with a novel tension recovery scheme to minimize the amount of material in front of the end-plate crystal calorimeter.
• Development of a new type of field wires based on carbon monofilaments coated with a thin metal sheet to allow for ease of soldering.

Development of a fast digitizer coupled to a FPGA for fast filtering and pre-analysis of the signal spectra, aiming at strongly reducing the amount of data transfer.

Particle identification system is a key system of the SCT detector. Particle identification (PID) systems based on Cherenkov detectors are widely used in HEP experiments to discriminate between charged long-living particles. Today the most promising types of Cherenkov detectors for the identification of particles with about 1 to 10 GeV/c momentum are based on the ring imaging technique using quartz or aerogel radiators and focusing designs. Notable representatives of such kind of detectors are the FDIRC (Focusing Detection of the Internally Reflected Cherenkov light) and the FARICH (Focusing Aerogel Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector) designs. Registration of single Cherenkov photons with a position resolution of about 1 mm is needed in these detectors. Excellent resolution of photon arrival time (about 100 ps) and low dead time are also required for improving PID and suppressing the high rate of background hits that are typical in modern experiments. Also, the ageing of photon sensors with high counting rate and radiation damage can be an issue.

The multipurpose detector to be built should have PID subdetectors in the front and back endcaps and in the barrel region. The experience of the several research groups will be combined to come up with proposals for the optimum PID system for the SCT project with respect to performance and cost. Detector prototypes are going to be constructed and tested to verify the performance of these novel detector concepts and their readout systems.